Capacitor bụ ngwaọrụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na imewe sekit, bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-agafe agafe, ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ bụ naanị mkpa ike (eletriki) nke ngwaọrụ a na-akpọ ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, na-enweghị ike (eletriki) isi iyi nke ngwaọrụ ahụ bụ ngwa ngwa. .
Ọrụ na ojiji nke capacitors na-abụkarị ọtụtụ ụdị, dị ka: ọrụ nke uzo, nchacha, nzacha, nchekwa ike;Na mmecha oscillation, mmekọrịta na ọrụ nke oge na-adịgide adịgide.
Dc iche: Ọrụ a bụ igbochi DC site na ka AC gafere.
Bypass (decoupling): Na-enye ụzọ mgbakasị ala maka ụfọdụ ihe ndị yiri ya na sekit AC.
Bypass capacitor: Onye na-agafe agafe, nke a makwaara dị ka capacitor decoupling, bụ ngwaọrụ nchekwa ike nke na-enye ngwaọrụ ike.Ọ na-eji njirimara impedance ugboro ugboro nke capacitor, njirimara ugboro ole nke ezigbo capacitor dị ka ugboro na-abawanye, impedance na-ebelata, dị ka ọdọ mmiri, ọ nwere ike ime ka mmepụta voltaji mmepụta edo edo, belata mgbanwe voltaji nke ibu.The bypass capacitor kwesịrị ịdị nso dị ka o kwere na ike ọkọnọ pin na ala n'ala ngwaọrụ ibu, nke bụ impedance chọrọ.
Mgbe ị na-ese PCB, ṅaa ntị n'ụzọ pụrụ iche n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụ naanị mgbe ọ dị nso na mpaghara nwere ike ime ka ọ ghara ịdị elu na mkpọtụ nke oke voltaji ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ kpatara.N'ikwu ya n'ezoghị ọnụ, a na-ejikọta akụkụ AC nke ọkụ ọkụ DC na ọkụ ọkụ site na capacitor, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ime ka ọkụ DC dị ọcha.C1 bụ capacitor ngafe na ọnụ ọgụgụ a, eserese kwesịrị ịdị nso dịka o kwere mee na IC1.
Onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe: Capacitor decoupling bụ nnyonye anya nke mgbaàmà mmepụta dị ka ihe nzacha, onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ dị na batrị, ojiji nke ụgwọ ya na nkwụsị ya, nke mere na mgbama na-emewanyewanye ka ọ ghara imebi ya site na ngbanwe nke ugbu a. .Ikike ya dabere na ugboro nke mgbaàmà na ogo nke suppression nke ripples, na decoupling capacitor bụ na-egwu a "batrị" ọrụ izute mgbanwe na mbanye sekit ugbu a ma na-ezere njikọ njikọ n'etiti onye ọ bụla ọzọ.
A na-emezigharị ihe mgbaba ụzọ, mana ikike ngafe n'ozuzu na-ezo aka na mgbagharị ugboro ugboro dị elu, ya bụ, iji kwalite mkpọtụ mgbanwe ugboro ugboro nke ụzọ ntọhapụ dị ala.The elu-frequency bypass capacitance bụ n'ozuzu obere, na resonant ugboro bụ n'ozuzu 0.1F, 0.01F, wdg Ikike nke decoupling capacitor bụ n'ozuzu buru ibu, nke nwere ike ịbụ 10F ma ọ bụ ibu, dabere na nkesa parameters na sekit na mgbanwe na mbanye ugbu a.
Ihe dị iche n'etiti ha: nkwụsịtụ bụ iji nyochaa nnyonye anya na ntinye ntinye dị ka ihe ahụ, na nkwụsịtụ bụ iji nyochaa nkwụsịtụ n'ime mgbaàmà mmepụta dị ka ihe na-egbochi nkwụsị nnyonye anya ịlaghachi na ọkụ ọkụ.
Njikọta: Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka njikọ dị n'etiti sekit abụọ, na-enye ohere ka akara AC gafere ma bufee ya na sekit ọkwa ọzọ.
A na-eji capacitor mee ihe dị ka ihe jikọrọ ọnụ iji nyefee akara ngosi mbụ na nke ikpeazụ, na igbochi mmetụta nke mbụ na-aga n'ihu na njedebe ikpeazụ, nke mere na nbibi sekit dị mfe na arụmọrụ ahụ kwụsiri ike.Ọ bụrụ na nkwalite mgbaàmà AC adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na-enweghị capacitor, mana ebe ọrụ na ọkwa niile kwesịrị ka a gbanwee ya, n'ihi mmetụta nke ihu na azụ azụ, nbibi ebe ọrụ siri ike, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume imezu na otutu ọkwa.
Filter: Nke a dị ezigbo mkpa maka sekit, capacitor n'azụ CPU bụ ọrụ a.
Ya bụ, ka ugboro f na-abawanye, na-ebelata impedance Z nke capacitor.Mgbe obere ugboro, capacitance C n'ihi na impedance Z dịtụ ukwuu, akara bara uru nwere ike ịgafe nke ọma;N'oge dị elu, capacitor C adịlarị pere mpe n'ihi impedance Z, nke ya na ụda mkpọtụ dị elu na-eme mkpụmkpụ na GND.
Ihe nzacha: ikike dị mma, ka ikike dị ukwuu, nke nta nke nta, na-abawanye ugboro nke ịgafe.Electrolytic capacitors n'ozuzu karịa 1uF, nke nwere nnukwu inductance akụrụngwa, otú impedance ga-abụ nnukwu mgbe a elu ugboro.Anyị na-ahụkarị na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-enwe nnukwu capacitance electrolytic capacitor n'otu n'otu na obere capacitor, n'ezie, a nnukwu capacitor site ala ugboro, obere capacitance site na elu ugboro, ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu yocha elu na ala frequencies.Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke capacitor dị elu, nke na-abawanye ụba, capacitor dị ka ọdọ mmiri, mmiri ole na ole ezughị ezu iji mee mgbanwe dị ukwuu na ya, ya bụ, mgbanwe voltaji abụghị oge dị ukwuu mgbe. enwere ike imechi voltaji.
Ọnụọgụ C2 Nkwụghachi ụgwọ okpomọkụ: Iji meziwanye nkwụsi ike nke sekit site n'ịkwụ ụgwọ maka mmetụta nke enweghị mgbanwe okpomọkụ nke ihe ndị ọzọ.
Analysis: N'ihi na ike nke oge capacitor na-ekpebi oscillation ugboro nke akara oscillator, ike nke oge capacitor chọrọ ka ọ kwụsie ike na ọ dịghị agbanwe agbanwe na mgbanwe nke iru mmiri gburugburu, ka eme ka oscillation ugboro nke ahịrị oscillator kwụsiri ike.Ya mere, a na-eji capacitors nwere ọnụọgụ okpomọkụ dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma n'otu aka ahụ iji mepụta mmeju okpomọkụ.Mgbe okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na-ebili, ikike nke C1 na-abawanye, ebe ikike nke C2 na-ebelata.Ngụkọta ikike nke abụọ capacitors n'otu n'otu bụ nchikota nke ike nke abụọ capacitors.Ebe ọ bụ na otu ikike na-abawanye ebe nke ọzọ na-ebelata, ikike zuru oke agbanwebeghị.N'otu aka ahụ, mgbe okpomọkụ na-ebelata, ikike nke otu capacitor na-ebelata na nke ọzọ na-abawanye, na ngụkọta ikike bụ isi agbanweghị, nke na-eme ka oscillation ugboro ugboro na-emezu nzube nke okpomọkụ nkwụghachi.
Oge: A na-eji capacitor na-ejikọta ya na resistor iji chọpụta oge na-agbanwe agbanwe nke sekit.
Mgbe mgbaàmà ntinye na-awụpụ site na ala ruo elu, RC circuit bụ ntinye mgbe emechara 1. Njirimara nke chaja capacitor na-eme ka mgbaàmà na ebe B ghara ịwụ elu ozugbo na ntinye ntinye, ma nwee usoro nke nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye.Mgbe ọ buru ibu, ihe nchekwa 2 na-atụgharị, na-ebute mwụli elu na-egbu oge site na obere ruo elu na mmepụta.
Oge na-adịgide adịgide: Iwere sekit agbakwunyere RC nkịtị dị ka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe a na-etinye voltaji mgbama mgbama na njedebe ntinye, voltaji na capacitor ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili.Nchaji ugbu a na-ebelata na ịrị elu nke voltaji, resistor R na capacitor C na-ejikọta n'usoro na akara ngosi ntinye VI, yana akara ngosi V0 sitere na capacitor C, mgbe uru RC (τ) na ebili mmiri ntinye. obosara tW izute: τ “tW”, a na-akpọ sekit a agbakwunyere sekit.
Ntugharị: Ndozi n'usoro nke sekit dabere ugboro ole, dị ka ekwentị, redio, na ihe onyonyo.
N'ihi na ugboro resonant nke sekit oscillating oscillating IC bụ ọrụ nke IC, anyị na-achọpụta na oke nke kacha na nke kacha nta resonant ugboro nke sekit oscillating dịgasị na square mgbọrọgwụ nke capacitance ratio.Ọnụego ikike ebe a na-ezo aka na oke nke ike mgbe voltaji a na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ nke kachasị ala na ikike mgbe voltaji a na-atụgharị azụ bụ nke kachasị elu.Ya mere, n'iji ya gee ntị àgwà curve nke sekit (bias-resonant ugboro) bụ isi a parabola.
Rectifier: ịgbanwuo ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ ihe ngbanwe ihe ngbanwe emechi emechi n'oge a kara aka.
Nchekwa ike: Ịchekwa ike eletrik maka ntọhapụ mgbe ọ dị mkpa.Dị ka ọkụ igwefoto, akụrụngwa kpo oku, wdg.
N'ozuzu, electrolytic capacitors ga-enwe ọrụ nke nchekwa ike, maka ike pụrụ iche nchekwa capacitors, usoro nke capacitive ike nchekwa bụ okpukpu abụọ electric oyi akwa capacitors na Faraday capacitors.Ụdị ya bụ isi bụ nchekwa nchekwa ike nke supercapacitor, nke ndị supercapacitors bụ capacitors na-eji ụkpụrụ nke okpukpu abụọ eletrik.
Mgbe a na-etinye voltaji etinyere na efere abụọ nke supercapacitor, electrode dị mma nke efere ahụ na-echekwa ụgwọ dị mma, na efere na-adịghị mma na-echekwa ụgwọ na-adịghị mma, dị ka ọ dị na capacitors nkịtị.N'okpuru ọkụ eletrik na-emepụta site na ụgwọ na efere abụọ nke supercapacitor, a na-emepụta ụgwọ dị iche na interface dị n'etiti electrolyte na electrode iji dozie oghere eletrik dị n'ime nke electrolyte.
A na-ahazi ụgwọ a dị mma na ụgwọ na-adịghị mma na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ na kọntaktị elu n'etiti akụkụ abụọ dị iche iche na obere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụgwọ dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma, na nkesa nkesa ụgwọ a na-akpọ oyi akwa eletrik okpukpu abụọ, ya mere ikike eletrik dị nnọọ ukwuu.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-15-2023